The obstacles and challenges of transition towards a renewable and sustainable energy system in Azerbaijan and Poland

Abstract The aims of the paper are to identify and assess determinants transition renewable sustainable energy development in Azerbaijan Poland. Both countries have a clear target increase share sources (RES) gross final consumption, i.e. Poland National Energy Climate Plan for years 2021–2030 declares that it wishes achieve 21–23% by 2030 (total consumption electricity, heating cooling as well transport purposes). But there currently significant producers consumers conventional carriers, respectively coal oil, these fuels ensure an appropriate level security production stability. Moreover, Poland, mining sector plays very important social role, whereas oil industry creates budget revenue. Therefore, even with stronger EU worldwide climate policy decreasing cost cleaner forms energy, many challenges obstacles such increasing from RES associated security, efficiency, existing infrastructure, competitiveness aspects. In order best practices decarbonisation, availability resources, market structures, national strategies policies were compared using PESTEL analysis.